Different types of physical activities

by Roxy zhang

In this blog, I am going to introduce some different physical activities. Hopefully you can choose the physical activity that best fits your need after reading the article.

http://completetrackandfield.com/fatigue-part-3-anaerobic-glycolytic-energy-system/

Generally, the two dominant parts of physical activity are aerobic activity (with oxygen) and anaerobic activity (without oxygen).  

Cardiovascular exercise and flexibility exercise are belonging to aerobic activity. Cardiovascular exercise means light to moderate activity that is supported by aerobic metabolism and can be executed for an extended period of time. Examples for Cardiovascular exercise are brisk walking, 1 mile jog and elliptical training. It is beneficial for people to increase lung capacity, improve cardiac output, improve circulation and help people decrease fat mass. 

Flexibility refers to the ability to move joint through a range of motion such as yoga and Pilates. is great for both mental and physical health since it not only reduces the risk of injury during exercise and daily activities (because muscles are more pliable) but also releases tension developed during the workout (helps people relax). 

http://growingtallerguide.com/index.php/53/grow-taller-exercises-to-increase-your-height/

Anaerobic activity usually refers to strenuous exercise like sprinting, resistance training and weight training. Resistance exercise usually means moderate to vigorous training that involves working a muscle through its range of motion against a force or resistance. Contrary to aerobic activity, this exercise is defined by short duration but higher intensity, such as bodyweight squats, dumbbell and machine chest press. Doing this activity can increase body shape, muscle strength and improve bone health.

Moderate to vigorous training that involves working

a muscle through its range of motion against a

force or resistance.

Prompt #4 - Comparing Delivery and Style in Veterinary Medicine

By: Rachel Harvey

Photo Source

Many different articles, news stories, journals, etc. can be written all about the same topic. It can be found though, that all of these sources may say a different thing and even convey a completely different. The two articles being looked at are both about antimicrobial resistance in animals and humans.

The first article comes from the National Library of Medicine written by Q A McKellar. It is written to persuade the audience on his point of view and what they believe is the most important part of the use of antimicrobials. The article is not very long and it is very to the point. The target audience is most likely someone who is looking for an over summary and outlook on the subject. There are factual details with sources. The purpose of this article is most likely to raise awareness to the subject at hand and inform the public who is interested.

Photo Source

The second is a journal excerpt from International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents written by S. Schwarz, C. Kehrenberg, and TR Walsh. This a more research based article. There is a lot of scholarly based evidence and research. This is very long and contains a lot of different information. The authors are most likely appealing to an audience that are looking for a more in depth understanding of the use of antimicrobials. This would most likely be other veterinarians, health professionals, or even other researchers.

There can be a question, when there are so many sources, which ones should we trust? While both articles provided factual information. When looking for information, it is usually safer to go with an option like the second piece. Scholarly articles are more reliable and you can be sure of factual information. It is important to be able to identify an author and be able to see their reputation. Its best to stay away from articles that are one sided and lean to a more opinion or perspective response. While they can still provide good information, it has the potential for bias and can leave out critical information.

Sources:
McKellar, Q. A. "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Veterinary Perspective: Antimicrobials Are Important for Animal Welfare but Need to Be Used Prudently ." BMJ : British Medical Journal. British Medical Journal, 05 Sept. 1998. Web. 26 Feb. 2017.
Schwarz, S., and C. Kehrenberg. "Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Veterinary Medicine and Food Animal Production." Science Direct. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2001. Web. 26 Feb. 2017. 
"Antimicrobial+resistance - Google Search." Antimicrobial+resistance - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2017.
"Scholarly+article - Google Search." Scholarly+article - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2017.

Where does our energy comes from? Where does energy go?

by Roxy zhang

Where does our energy comes from? The food we eat contain nutrients that provide energy the body need, and most of the nutrients in food mainly comes from three major groups: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Carbohydrates are mainly present in food such as rise, bread and starchy vegetables. Fats are usually in food like meat, liquid oil, buffer and whole-fat milk. And proteins are normally in foods like meats, legumes and some grains.

Then where does our energy go? There are three components of energy expenditure: BMR(basal metabolic rate) the sum total of all involuntary activities that are necessary for life except digestion and voluntary activities; TEF(thermic effect of food) increase in BMR due to eating; physical activity/voluntary activity intentional activity like biking, walking, running  and sitting. etc. 

The question that might be the uppermost in people's mind is" which one is the largest component of energy expenditure?" about half of people will choose physical activity(according to in-class activity in HNF 150)but the answer is BMR. In facts, the component of energy expenditure from the biggest to lowest are 60-65% BMR; 25-35% physical activity and 5-10% TEF. So which factor effects BMR and determines how much energy should we consume each day? BMR is mainly controlled by hormone produced by thyroid gland. And the hormones vary about ages, height, stress, growth, starvation/fasting/, malnutrition, body composition, fever and environment temperature. etc.

In conclusion, there are three major nutrients groups that provide our body nutrient: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. And three main components of energy expenditure are: BMR, TEF and physical activity.

the first Photo comes from spoonuniversity.com/lifestyle/how-tracking-macros-can-help-you-get-more-out-of-your-workout.
the second photo comes from www.wellbuiltstyle.com/energy-balance-and-your-body-weight/.

The Benefits of a good health

By: Nick Androvett     

Being healthy is always a huge benefit to your health. It prevents many things that can hurt you from happening.Healthy habits help prevent certain health conditions, such as heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. Regular physical activity and proper diet can also prevent or help you manage a wide range of health problems, including: metabolic syndrome. diabetes.

       Exercise is one of the most important parts of keeping your body at a healthy weight. Exercise helps people lose weight and lower the risk of some diseases.Exercising to maintain a healthy weight decreases a person's risk of developing diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. Staying healthy can also improve your mental abilities. 

       It can motivate you more and it can also encourage you to do more things you wouldn't do if you weren't healthy.There fore, being healthy helps improve your life and keeps you away from many dangerous diseases.



http://www.slideshare.net/jovy88/a-culture-and-leadership-upholding-health-and-safety-at-work-16583531

Veterinarians Warn Against Antibiotic Use in Meat Industry

By: Rachel Harvey

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Is it proving worth it to buy antibiotic free meat? Veterinarians from all over are expressing concern over the extensive use of antibiotics on farms raising livestock for human consumption. When the antibiotics are used on the animals, humans become resistant to the antibiotics over time. This becomes a problem when humans fall ill. When prescribed antibiotics, they become ineffective.

On the other side, some farmers argue that they cannot run a successful farm without the use of antibiotics. They believe it is essential in order to keep all the animals healthy and safe for human consumption. On the other hand, some farmers have completely stopped the use of antibiotics and were able to keep more than healthy standards. 

Photo Source

Veterinarians are urging the government to step in and do more regulation when it comes to the use of antibiotics. When humans become resistance to antibiotics, harmful illnesses are easily spread. There is a strain on researchers to produce new, effective strains of antibiotics. 

With the extreme importance of antibiotics, I believe that there should be more regulation and caution when consuming meat. I believe it is important to buy more antibiotic free meat when in the grocery store. By doing this simple task, you could be impacting your own health in the long run.

Sources:

Vidal, John, and Mark Tran. "Cut Use of Antibiotics in Livestock, Veterinary Experts Tell Government." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 06 July 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2017.

Prompt #1- Facts About Protein

by Roxy zhang

Proteins are polymers of amino acids and they are the most diverse type of biomolecule in your body. Amino acids include 9 essential amino acids, high quality proteins, and 11 non-essential acids. Protein structure follows a specific hierarchy which are primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

Roles of proteins

1. Supporting growth and maintenance- structure proteins

2. Building enzymes (speed up reactions), hormones (chemical messengers) and other compounds

3. Transport and recognition proteins

4. Building antibodies( immunoproteins)

5. Maintaining acid base balance( blood proteins as buffers)

6. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

7. Energy

8. Used for energy storage- fat, glycogen

Incomplete/complete proteins

Plant proteins usually are incomplete proteins, usually are low in one or more essential amino acids, but some are exceptions: quinoa, oats and soy are complete protein. Animal proteins have ample amounts of all 9 essential amino acids termed complete or high quality proteins. We have to intake essential amino acids daily because once any of the amino acids absent in our body the synthesis of protein will stop.

Nitrogen balance

Protein recommendations are based on nitrogen balance studies, which compare nitrogen excreted with nitrogen food.

#10. Recognizing Truth

By: Tyler Frasher

The following video displays the "Top 15 Nursing Myths and Nurse Stereotypes." Not only are these myths and stereotypes clearly incorrect but they don't even begin to describe the life of a nurse and their everyday duties.

https://youtu.be/ZbgTJeORzH4

15. Nurses just clean up poop and pee all day. Although, unfortunately, this is a part of what nurses have to do, they are responsible for so much more. According to Rasmussen College, "registered nurses have a variety of tasks to take care of daily. RNs keep records, administer medication, consult with other healthcare providers, monitor patients and educate individuals and family. RNs must also stay up to date with new technology and tools." Duties also include patient care, advanced cardiac life support, acute care, case management, clinical experience, and treatment planning.

14. Nursing is sexy and glamorous. First and foremost, nursing has absolutely nothing to do with being sexy. Nursing is about being selfless and taking care of others. Besides, it's highly likely that the way you look when you leave work will look nothing like how you did when you came in. The work of a nurse is very tiresome and it takes a lot of energy.

13. You can't be a nurse if you're shy or afraid of blood. Not all nurses have to deal with blood or even people for that matter. Case managers, for instance, rarely see blood. They work more with long-term health care plans and serve more as a resource for their patients. Research nurses also rarely deal with people. They work on data collection, following protocol, and communicating knowledge.

12. Men don't become nurses. This is extremely untrue. In fact, the percentage of males in nursing occupations has rose since 2007 and is continuing to rise.

11. Nursing is a safe job. There are many dangers that come with being a nurse. Some of these dangers include staffing level, patient handling and care, needle handling and care, and the prevention of diseases and their spreading.

10. All nurses work in hospitals. Actually there are a wide variety of places nurses can work such as schools, correctional facilities, patient's homes, camps, clinics, warzones, and places of worship.

9. All nurses marry doctors. Okay, this one is clearly just ignorant and illogical to believe in the first place. There's nothing that can prove this because it's not a true fact.

8. All nurses do the same type of work. Also, clearly, incorrect. There is a variety of different branches of nursing all containing their own specific duties. Although, some jobs might be similar, they are not all the same.

7. Nursing specialties require special schooling. All that is required is for a person to attend a nursing school of some sort and complete the program. There are not special schools for the specialized branches. You receiving training of your specific field when you begin working.

6. You can only become a nurse if you go to school for four years. Its actually possible to become a nurse with an associates degree. All you need to do is complete two-three years of schooling, get your associates degree and then pass the NCLEX exam.

5. RN's and LPN's do the same thing. RN's don't require supervision and are permitted to perform more tasks.

4. Can't work in other states with your license. Fun Fact: Due to the Nurse Licensure Compact, nurses are allowed to have one multistate license that allows them to operate in their home states as well as others.

3. An ADN nurse is different than a BSN nurse. In reality, the only real difference is their degree type. They still perform the same type of work.

2. All nurses work 12 hour shifts. Although there are some hospitals where 12 hour shifts are required, there are many others places where they are not. Clinics and schools are examples of careers that would have a more traditional work day.

1. Nurses don't make good money. Nurses actually earn a competitive salary. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2011, the average salary of a nurse was $69,110. According to others, they average around $71,000 yearly.

Resources

http://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/nursing/blog/what-does-a-registered-nurse-do/

http://www.kaplanuniversity.edu/nursing/articles/nurse-case-managers.aspx

https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/cancerwise/2014/03/what-does-a-research-nurse-do.html

https://www.census.gov/people/io/files/Men_in_Nursing_Occupations.pdf

http://www.nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/Staff-Nurses/staffnurses

http://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/nursing/blog/rn-vs-bsn-what-you-should-know/

http://www.nursinglicensure.org/articles/lpn-versus-rn.html

http://www.nursinglicensure.org/articles/lpn-versus-rn.html

https://www.bls.gov/oes/2011/may/oes291111.htm

How can Physical Therapy help change your life?

By: Nick Androvett

Physical Therapy is the building block to recovering from a horrible injury. Whether that injury is on the leg, arm, head, or knee physical therapy will help you get back to the health you want to be at. Physical therapy also can help you recover from an injury and avoid future injury. Your physical therapist can help you reduce pain in the soft tissues (muscles, tendons, and ligaments), build muscle strength, and improve flexibility, function, and range of motion.
The major way physical therapy can help is to reduce pain and avoid further injuries. Hands-on therapy or treatments such as ultrasound and electrical stimulation can help relieve pain and restore muscle and joint function to reduce low back pain. It also helps you improve your mobility due to the stretches and moves they have you do.
People who have strokes also often use physical therapy to help strengthen the spots the are weakened from the stroke. It also helps maintain lung and heart conditions with the movements and ways they use the physical therapy. Therefore, Physical Therapy is a building block to life and helps many people get back on the right track they need for their health.



https://www.google.com/search?q=physical+therapy&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY0_7I5JrTAhWk54MKHTJFCrMQ_AUICCgD&biw=1920&bih=979#imgrc=C6V5YLIMMtDzGM:

How to make a healthy diet?

by Roxy zhang

A healthy diet can help you lose weight,  lower your cholesterol level, and keeps your body at a good physical condition when combined with exercise. Eating healthy doesn't mean you can't eat the food you love, instead of that it makes you feel great and avoid healthy problems. There are several tips for eating healthier.

Replace solid fat with liquid fat
There are two different types of fat one is saturated fat, the other one is unsaturated fat. Saturated fat usually at solid state in room temperature and have high boiling point. This unhealthy fat not only let your gain extra weight but also increase your risk of heart and artery disease.  In our daily life, saturated fat normally present in cheese, butter, and meat. Unsaturated fat, like olive oil and canola oil, is a healthier fat and less compact than the former one. It usually present in liquid state in room temperature and have low boiling point. Essential fat, a fat is necessary for your body but you cannot produce this fat by yourself, is part of unsaturated fat includes omega-3 and omega-6 which are usually present in fish. In short, you should replace red meat like pork, beef and lamb with white meat like fish in meal and eat less cheese and milk product.

Intake more fiber
Fiber is essential for your body since it is responsible for a healthy cholesterol content in your blood.
Bile is made by cholesterol molecules and be excreted into intestine aids digestion, high fiber content can combined with more cholesterols and take them out of your body with feces. On the contrary, less fiber diet will cause you have higher cholesterol content in blood and cause many diseases.

Drink less alcohol
Alcohol contains  7 calories per milliliter is higher than protein and sugar but a little bit less than fat which means is will increase your weight easily. Alcohol is mainly digested by liver, when drinking too much alcohol liver is overwhelmed by alcohol and cannot distribute enough fatty acids to blood stream and caused fatty liver.

How Do You Become A Veterinarian?

by Rachel Harvey

As everyone may know, much like becoming a doctor, becoming a veterinarian is no easy task. There is a lot of hard work and a lot of schooling involved. The beginning steps begin before even entering college. You must take as many science classes to involve yourself and to show your potential. 

Photo By: Krissy Wood

After going through the stressful task of being accepted into a college, the undergraduate degree begins. You must obtain a degree in preferably science based course. This degree should focus on biological and physical sciences. It is very important to stay on top of your studies and get a high a GPA as possible. It is recommended to maintain at least a 3.5 or higher. This is about the average of veterinary medical students accepted. Not only must you achieve very good grades, it is highly recommended to partake in many extracurricular activities. 

It is very important to get experience in an actual veterinary clinic. It is recommended to ask a veterinarian to shadow them during the work day. This gives a lot of experience and will give you an accurate visual of what the job is actually like. Taking part in a club at school for future veterinarians is also a good way to get new experiences and make connections with people. 

When it comes time to apply to veterinarian school, you will be required to take the graduate record examination (GRE) and sometimes the MCAT, depending on the school. There are 30 veterinary schools located in the Unites States. You will be required to have interviews as part of the process in getting in. Your scores as well as your experience will be taken into consideration. You will also need about three letters of recommendations from advisors, veterinarians, and often professors. 

Photo By: Michigan State University 

So you get into veterinary school, you have about 4 more years of school. As you approach the end, you will be required to pass the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) in order to be able to practice your degree. You will also be required to take the Veterinary Oath in order to swear to use your degree for a good purpose. At this point you have the option to get more schooling in order to specialize in the 22 various specialties, such as anesthesia. Becoming a veterinarian is a very difficult and expensive process and it is very important to make sure that this is what you really want your future to be. 

Sources:

"Steps to Becoming a Veterinarian (Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Major)." Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Major (Penn State University). N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2017.

Wood, Krissy. "Getting Experience Shadowing a Veterinarian." Getting Experience Shadowing a Veterinarian. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 12 Feb. 2017.

"Logos." The College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2017.

Prompt #7-What is Physical Therapy?

By: Nick Androvett

Physical therapy can be represented in many ways. Some ways its represented is with it's disadvantages. This can cause the downfall of the medical field in many ways. Many people think going to med school is hard and can take up a good portion of their lives. Also Physical therapy can cost a lot of money going into college.
Post graduate degrees are always mandatory for Physical Therapists after they finish 4 years of college. It is also physically demanding as shown in the article "http://work.chron.com/disadvantages-being-physical-therapist-6041.html. This article shows how The work of a physical therapist is physically demanding, so you must be fit to enjoy the work. You’ll spend most of the day on your feet and must help support the weight of your patients at times. Many therapists enter the field of physical therapy because they want to help people. Wanting to help your patients may become emotionally stressful, though, since most of them are in pain. There are also positive results of working in physical therapy.
The outcome in the end outweighs all the negatives. They profit from working in the medical field which helps. They help save people's lives and make very good connections. Also since they can be doctors they have a very high acceptance rate to customers. Also they make a lot of money. Therefore, There are many advantages and disadvantages in physical therapy.


https://www.google.com/search?q=physical+therapy&espv=2&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVts6W5ZrTAhXq6oMKHeJrBtcQ_AUICCgD&biw=1920&bih=979#tbm=isch&q=physical+therapy+keep+calm&imgrc=fwskl-dB7sdTGM:

Mary Eliza Mahoney: First of Many

by: Tyler Frasher

Ms. Mary Eliza Mahoney was born on May 7, 1845 in Boston, Massachusetts. She was the oldest of three children. At the age of 18, she decided that she wanted to pursue a career in nursing and she became the first professionally trained African American nurse in the United States.

Mahoney started her career off as a private duty nurse at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. However, it wasn't until 1878 that she was admitted into the school's nursing program which happened to be the first professional nursing program in the country. Mahoney graduated the following year as just one of four members of her class.

Mary Mahoney then became on of the first members of what's known today as the American Nurses Association shortly after graduating. She also was in strong support of the establishment of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses. In fact, in 1909, she actually delivered the welcome address at the groups first annual convention.

In 1911, Mahoney moved to Long Island, New York to continue her career. She served as a supervisor at the Howard Orphan Asylum for Black Children. She later moved back to Massachusetts.

Unfortunately, Mahoney, died in 1926 at the age of 80 due to breast cancer. However, because of her outstanding work and achievements, she was inducted into the A.N.A Hall of Fame in 1976.

Happy Black History Month!




Sources:
 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/partners/early/e_pioneers_mahoney.html
http://www.biography.com/people/mary-mahoney-41021#synopsis
http://www.nursingworld.org/MaryElizaMahoney

What Does A Vet Do?

by: Rachel Harvey

It is a highly possible fact that you have come in contact with a vet at some point in your life. Whether you know someone or you have taken your pet to one at some point in their life. More often than not, people do not fully understand the job of a veterinarian. They also probably do not know the extent and wide variety that the job of a veterinarian can be.

Photo by: Penn State University

Most people probably think that veterinarians exam animals and determine what is wrong with them and treat accordingly. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, There are many fields that veterinarians can specialize in. One, much like humans, is anesthesia. They are needed when an animal undergoes surgery. Another is a specialty in dentistry. These doctors will perform procedures on the teeth of various animals. 

There are veterinarians who specialize in certain animals, ones who work with zoo animals, and even vets who solely work in the lab analyzing biology work. 

Photo by: UCDavis

Veterinarians are very similar to human doctors who specialize in different areas of study. There are many human jobs that are parallel to veterinary jobs such as nutrition or ophthalmology. While it may seem that most veterinarians work with dogs and cats in your local clinic, there are many different jobs that take place. If your considering being a vet, there are a lot of different career options and areas to specialize in. 

Sources: 

UCDavis

American Veterinary Medical Association

Penn State University 

Is it bad to drink too much milk？

by Roxy zhang

Parents are always telling their kids to drink more milk because they want their kids to grow faster and taller; However,  a recent study shows that drinking too much milk might be bad for your health. Milk gives children essential nutrients they need for a healthy body and immune system, and it contains Vitamin C&A and plenty of calcium which keeps our bones strong. But a new research shows that drinks too much milk may raise the risk of death, increase the chance of fracture and cause the loss of bone and the loss of muscles. People who drink three or more glasses milk per day compare to people who drink less than one glass milk one day not only have a nearly doubled rick of death and cardiovascular disease but also can increase the risk of cancer.  The reason is responsible for the high level of sugars contained in milk, especially lactose and galactose. On the contrary, a high intake of fermented milk products with low lactose content like yogurt will reduce the rate of death and fracture, the researchers reported.

But it doesn't mean you shouldn't drink milk, milk and dairy are among the most calcium-rich foods we can eat. If you want to dink milk for strong bones, it's better to drink no more than one glass per day. Or you can replace milk with yogurt, low lactose product, to ensure intake enough calcium. 

Resources from: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/too-much-milk-may-be-bad-for-your-health/

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2014/11/can-drinking-too-much-milk-make-your-bones-more-brittle/

History of Modern Nursing

by Tyler Frasher

For thousands of years, the act of caring for wounds, injuries, and illnesses have been practiced by humans. However, the roots of modern day nursing can only be traced back a few hundred years. At one point, the nursing practice was only conducted by the military, nuns and other religious women. In parts of the United Kingdom and Europe, evidence of this can still be seen. It wasn't until around the 17th century that nursing became a job and even then it was a job held only by the lower class and it was looked down upon by society. The 19th century showed the challenging of this idea during the Crimean War when Florence Nightingale wised to improve medical conditions for wounded soldiers.

Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy. Nightingale was the youngest of two daughters and her family belonged to elite social classes. She was provided with a classical education and was really active in philanthropy. She believed that nursing was her divine purpose.
Nightingale made it her mission to increase the sanitation of living and medical conditions which then lowered the death rates of soldiers during the war. Florence Nightingale receives credit for advancing nursing as a profession.

We saw modern nursing advance even more in 1836. A man by the name of Theodore Fliedner opened a hospital in which the staff was only young ladies that were nursing and theology trained. He also opened training center for the hospital's nurses.

Linda Richards became the first trained nurse in the United States. Richards graduated from the nursing program at Boston's New England Hospital for Women and Children. Later in her life, she began creating nursing programs throughout Japan and America. Richards was also responsible for creating the first system to maintain individualized patient care charts.